G93.49
BillableOther encephalopathy
Other encephalopathy
Coding Notes
Inclusion Terms
Alternative clinical terms for this condition
- Encephalopathy NEC
Excludes 2
Conditions not included here, but the patient may have both
- •certain conditions originating in the perinatal periodP04-P96
- •certain infectious and parasitic diseasesA00-B99
- •complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperiumO9A)O00
- •congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalitiesQ00-Q99
- •endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseasesE00-E88
- •injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causesS00-T88
- •neoplasmsC00-D49
- •symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classifiedR00-R94
- •alcoholic encephalopathyG31.2
- •encephalopathy in diseases classified elsewhereG94
- •hypertensive encephalopathyI67.4
- •toxic (metabolic) encephalopathyG92.8
Related Codes(6)
G93.40Encephalopathy, unspecified
G93.41Metabolic encephalopathy
G93.42Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts
G93.43Leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts
G93.44Adult-onset leukodystrophy with axonal spheroids
G93.45Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Also Known As / Clinical Terms(339)
SNOMED CT
- Cerebral degeneration in childhood2584003
- Delayed dentition5639000
- Delayed eruption of tooth5639000
- Delayed tooth eruption5639000
- Late tooth eruption5639000
- Macroencephaly9740002
- Megalencephaly9740002
- Leucoencephalopathy22811006
- Leukoencephalopathy22811006
- Infantile encephalopathy AND lactic acidosis76938004
- Duchenne-Aran muscular atrophy88923002
- PMA - Progressive muscular atrophy88923002
- Progressive muscular atrophy88923002
- Pure progressive muscular atrophy88923002
- Binswanger's dementia90099008
- Binswanger's disease90099008
- Binswanger's encephalopathy90099008
- Chronic progressive subcortical encephalopathy90099008
- Encephalitis subcorticalis chronica90099008
- Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy90099008
- Subcortical atherosclerotic dementia90099008
- Subcortical leucoencephalopathy90099008
- Subcortical leukoencephalopathy90099008
- Optic nerve finding106152006
- Second cranial nerve finding106152006
- Amino acid below reference range124057005
- Decreased amino acid124057005
- Cerebral degeneration due to cerebrovascular disease192813004
- HIV - Human immunodeficiency virus leucoencephalopathy230180003
- HIV - Human immunodeficiency virus leukoencephalopathy230180003
- Human immunodeficiency virus leucoencephalopathy230180003
- Human immunodeficiency virus leukoencephalopathy230180003
- Distal spinal muscular atrophy230247001
- Subcortical vascular dementia230286002
- Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy390936003
- Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy390936003
- Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma402773000
- Multifactorial encephalopathy423144007
- PEHO (progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy) syndrome442511009
- PEHO (progressive encephalopathy with oedema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy) syndrome442511009
- PEHO syndrome442511009
- Progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy syndrome442511009
- Progressive encephalopathy with oedema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy syndrome442511009
- Cerebral small vessel disease443929000
- Small vessel cerebrovascular disease443929000
- HCC - hypomyelination and congenital cataract702379005
- Hypomyelination and congenital cataract702379005
- Familial dementia with neuroserpin inclusion bodies702421006
- Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies702421006
- Adult-onset leucodystrophy with neuroaxonal spheroids702427005
- Adult-onset leukodystrophy with neuroaxonal spheroids702427005
- HDLS - hereditary diffuse leucoencephalopathy with spheroids702427005
- HDLS - hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids702427005
- Hereditary diffuse leucoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids702427005
- Hereditary diffuse leucoencephalopathy with spheroids702427005
- Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids702427005
- Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids702427005
- CARASIL syndrome703219008
- Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy703219008
- Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy703219008
- Maeda syndrome703219008
- Nemoto disease703219008
- Infantile leucoencephalopathy and megalencephaly703536004
- Infantile leukoencephalopathy and megalencephaly703536004
- Leucoencephalopathy with swelling and cysts703536004
- Leukoencephalopathy with swelling and cysts703536004
- Megalencephalic leucoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts703536004
- Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts703536004
- Vacuolating leucoencephalopathy703536004
- Vacuolating leukoencephalopathy703536004
- Vacuolating megalencephalic leucoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts703536004
- Vacuolating megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts703536004
- Van der Knapp disease703536004
- Progressive cavitating leucoencephalopathy719267003
- Progressive cavitating leukoencephalopathy719267003
- Leucoencephalopathy co-occurrent with bilateral anterior temporal lobe cysts719403003
- Leukoencephalopathy co-occurrent with bilateral anterior temporal lobe cysts719403003
- Leucoencephalopathy with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia syndrome719405005
- Leukoencephalopathy with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia syndrome719405005
- Cystic leucoencephalopathy without megalencephaly720825005
- Cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly720825005
- White matter disorder caused by infection722601005
- White matter disorder co-occurrent and due to cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy724779000
- White matter disorder co-occurrent and due to cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy724779000
- White matter disorder with CADASIL724779000
- Leucoencephalopathy, dystonia, motor neuropathy syndrome733452000
- Leukoencephalopathy, dystonia, motor neuropathy syndrome733452000
- Leucoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and high lactate syndrome735421004
- Leucoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation syndrome735421004
- Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and high lactate syndrome735421004
- Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation syndrome735421004
- Subcortical dementia762707000
- COXPD12 - combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 12763366000
- Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 12763366000
- Leukoencephalopathy, thalamus and brainstem anomalies, high lactate syndrome763366000
- Ataxia, delayed dentition, hypomyelination syndrome764095005
- Leukoencephalopathy, ataxia, hypodontia, hypomyelination syndrome764095005
- Anti-IgLON5 disease765751002
- Anti-IgLON5 syndrome765751002
- Autoimmune encephalopathy with parasomnia and obstructive sleep apnea765751002
- Autoimmune encephalopathy with parasomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea765751002
- Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion766044005
- Acute infantile encephalopathy predominantly affecting frontal lobe766044005
- CLCN2 (chloride voltage-gated channel 2) related leucoencephalopathy768663003
- CLCN2 (chloride voltage-gated channel 2) related leukoencephalopathy768663003
- CLCN2-related leucoencephalopathy768663003
- CLCN2-related leukoencephalopathy768663003
- Leucoencephalopathy with ataxia768663003
- Leucoencephalopathy with mild cerebellar ataxia and white matter oedema768663003
- Leukoencephalopathy with ataxia768663003
- Leukoencephalopathy with mild cerebellar ataxia and white matter edema768663003
- STXBP1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy768666006
- STXBP1-DEE - STXBP1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy768666006
- Syntaxin binding protein 1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy768666006
- Leucoencephalopathy, palmoplantar keratoderma syndrome771184001
- Leukoencephalopathy, palmoplantar keratoderma syndrome771184001
- Autosomal recessive leukoencephalopathy, ischaemic stroke, retinitis pigmentosa syndrome771476007
- Autosomal recessive leukoencephalopathy, ischemic stroke, retinitis pigmentosa syndrome771476007
- SCN2A encephalopathy778002005
- Sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2 encephalopathy778002005
- COL4A1-related brain small vessel disease with haemorrhage778060000
- COL4A1-related brain small vessel disease with hemorrhage778060000
- COL4A1-related familial vascular leucoencephalopathy778060000
- COL4A1-related familial vascular leukoencephalopathy778060000
- COL4A1-related retinal arteriolar tortuosity, infantile hemiparesis, autosomal dominant leucoencephalopathy syndrome778060000
- COL4A1-related retinal arteriolar tortuosity, infantile hemiparesis, autosomal dominant leukoencephalopathy syndrome778060000
- Collagen type IV alpha 1 chain related familial vascular leucoencephalopathy778060000
- Collagen type IV alpha 1 chain related familial vascular leukoencephalopathy778060000
- RVCL - retinal vasculopathy cerebral leucoencephalopathy783787000
- RVCL - retinal vasculopathy cerebral leukoencephalopathy783787000
- RVCL-S - retinal vasculopathy, cerebral leucoencephalopathy, systemic manifestations783787000
- RVCL-S - retinal vasculopathy, cerebral leukoencephalopathy, systemic manifestations783787000
- Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leucoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations783787000
- Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations783787000
- ARSAL - autosomal recessive spastic ataxia with leucoencephalopathy784343003
- ARSAL - autosomal recessive spastic ataxia with leukoencephalopathy784343003
- Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia type 3784343003
- Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia with leucoencephalopathy784343003
- Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia with leukoencephalopathy784343003
- SPAX3 - autosomal recessive spastic ataxia type 3784343003
- Early-onset progressive encephalopathy, hearing loss, pons hypoplasia, brain atrophy syndrome1169356004
- Early-onset progressive encephalopathy, spastic ataxia, distal spinal muscular atrophy syndrome1172588008
- Labrune syndrome1186710001
- Leucoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts1186710001
- Leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts1186710001
- Leucoencephalopathy due to copper deficiency1186819005
- Leucoencephalopathy due to hypocupremia1186819005
- Leukoencephalopathy due to copper deficiency1186819005
- Leukoencephalopathy due to hypocupremia1186819005
- 4H leucodystrophy1208933000
- 4H leukodystrophy1208933000
- POLR-related leucodystrophy1208933000
- POLR-related leukodystrophy1208933000
- Early-onset calcifying leucoencephalopathy, skeletal dysplasia1222661007
- Early-onset calcifying leukoencephalopathy, skeletal dysplasia1222661007
- PYCR2-related microcephaly, progressive leucoencephalopathy1237421000
- PYCR2-related microcephaly, progressive leukoencephalopathy1237421000
- Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 related microcephaly, progressive leucoencephalopathy1237421000
- Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 related microcephaly, progressive leukoencephalopathy1237421000
- Adult-onset progressive leucoencephalopathy, early-onset deafness1299152003
- Adult-onset progressive leucoencephalopathy, early-onset hearing loss1299152003
- Adult-onset progressive leukoencephalopathy, early-onset deafness1299152003
- Adult-onset progressive leukoencephalopathy, early-onset hearing loss1299152003
- Encephalopathy caused by ionising radiation1339025008
- Encephalopathy caused by ionizing radiation1339025008
- Developmental delay, immunodeficiency, leucoencephalopathy, hypohomocysteinemia syndrome1340174002
- Developmental delay, immunodeficiency, leukoencephalopathy, hypohomocysteinemia syndrome1340174002
- Encephalopathy caused by Influenza A virus10677711000119101
Clinical Terms
- Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts
- Hereditary diffuse leucoencephalopathy with spheroids
- Megalencephalic leucoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts
- PYCR2-related microcephaly, progressive leucoencephalopathy
- White matter disorder co-occurrent and due to cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy
- Autoimmune encephalopathy with parasomnia and obstructive sleep apnea
- 4H leucodystrophy
- COL4A1-related retinal arteriolar tortuosity, infantile hemiparesis, autosomal dominant leukoencephalopathy syndrome
- Cystic leucoencephalopathy without megalencephaly
- Cerebral small vessel disease
- PMA - Progressive muscular atrophy
- PYCR2-related microcephaly, progressive leukoencephalopathy
- White matter disorder co-occurrent and due to cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
- PEHO (progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy) syndrome
- Collagen type IV alpha 1 chain related familial vascular leukoencephalopathy
- Encephalopathy caused by Influenza A virus
- COXPD12 - combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 12
- HCC - hypomyelination and congenital cataract
- Nemoto disease
- Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 related microcephaly, progressive leucoencephalopathy
- Ataxia, delayed dentition, hypomyelination syndrome
- SPAX3 - autosomal recessive spastic ataxia type 3
- Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 related microcephaly, progressive leukoencephalopathy
- Leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts
- Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia with leukoencephalopathy
- Sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2 encephalopathy
- Anti-IgLON5 syndrome
- Encephalopathy NEC
- Delayed dentition
- Distal spinal muscular atrophy
- Leukoencephalopathy due to copper deficiency
- Second cranial nerve finding
- Leucoencephalopathy
- Vacuolating megalencephalic leucoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts
- Leucoencephalopathy with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia syndrome
- Infantile leukoencephalopathy and megalencephaly
- HDLS - hereditary diffuse leucoencephalopathy with spheroids
- Developmental delay, immunodeficiency, leukoencephalopathy, hypohomocysteinemia syndrome
- Progressive muscular atrophy
- Labrune syndrome
- Multifactorial encephalopathy
- Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies
- RVCL - retinal vasculopathy cerebral leukoencephalopathy
- Leucoencephalopathy, dystonia, motor neuropathy syndrome
- COL4A1-related familial vascular leukoencephalopathy
- Early-onset calcifying leucoencephalopathy, skeletal dysplasia
- Collagen type IV alpha 1 chain related familial vascular leucoencephalopathy
- Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
- White matter disorder caused by infection
- COL4A1-related familial vascular leucoencephalopathy
- Leucoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and high lactate syndrome
- Progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy syndrome
- Pure progressive muscular atrophy
- SCN2A encephalopathy
- White matter disorder with CADASIL
- POLR-related leucodystrophy
- Subcortical atherosclerotic dementia
- Encephalopathy caused by ionizing radiation
- Binswanger's dementia
- Leukoencephalopathy with mild cerebellar ataxia and white matter edema
- Delayed eruption of tooth
- Autosomal recessive leukoencephalopathy, ischemic stroke, retinitis pigmentosa syndrome
- POLR-related leukodystrophy
- ARSAL - autosomal recessive spastic ataxia with leucoencephalopathy
- Binswanger's encephalopathy
- Developmental delay, immunodeficiency, leucoencephalopathy, hypohomocysteinemia syndrome
- Human immunodeficiency virus leukoencephalopathy
- Binswanger's disease
- Van der Knapp disease
- HIV - Human immunodeficiency virus leucoencephalopathy
- Small vessel cerebrovascular disease
- Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy
- Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia with leucoencephalopathy
- Familial dementia with neuroserpin inclusion bodies
- HDLS - hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids
- PEHO (progressive encephalopathy with oedema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy) syndrome
- Human immunodeficiency virus leucoencephalopathy
- Infantile encephalopathy AND lactic acidosis
- Adult-onset progressive leukoencephalopathy, early-onset deafness
- Early-onset calcifying leukoencephalopathy, skeletal dysplasia
- Adult-onset progressive leukoencephalopathy, early-onset hearing loss
- Leucoencephalopathy co-occurrent with bilateral anterior temporal lobe cysts
- Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia type 3
- Adult-onset leukodystrophy with neuroaxonal spheroids
- Cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly
- Maeda syndrome
- Hereditary diffuse leucoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids
- COL4A1-related retinal arteriolar tortuosity, infantile hemiparesis, autosomal dominant leucoencephalopathy syndrome
- Progressive encephalopathy with oedema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy syndrome
- Leukoencephalopathy due to hypocupremia
- Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids
- Amino acid below reference range
- Subcortical leucoencephalopathy
- Anti-IgLON5 disease
- Subcortical leukoencephalopathy
- Encephalitis subcorticalis chronica
- STXBP1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
- Duchenne-Aran muscular atrophy
- Leukoencephalopathy
- Syntaxin binding protein 1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
- Acute infantile encephalopathy predominantly affecting frontal lobe
- Adult-onset progressive leucoencephalopathy, early-onset deafness
- COL4A1-related brain small vessel disease with haemorrhage
- Leukoencephalopathy with swelling and cysts
- CLCN2-related leukoencephalopathy
- Leukoencephalopathy with ataxia
- RVCL - retinal vasculopathy cerebral leucoencephalopathy
- Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 12
- HIV - Human immunodeficiency virus leukoencephalopathy
- Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma
- Encephalopathy caused by ionising radiation
- Adult-onset progressive leucoencephalopathy, early-onset hearing loss
- Macroencephaly
- Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy
- Vacuolating megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts
- Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion
- Leucoencephalopathy with ataxia
- PEHO syndrome
- Leucoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation syndrome
- Leucoencephalopathy, palmoplantar keratoderma syndrome
- Subcortical vascular dementia
- Leukoencephalopathy, dystonia, motor neuropathy syndrome
- Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leucoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations
- Leucoencephalopathy with mild cerebellar ataxia and white matter oedema
- COL4A1-related brain small vessel disease with hemorrhage
- Early-onset progressive encephalopathy, hearing loss, pons hypoplasia, brain atrophy syndrome
- CARASIL syndrome
- Hypomyelination and congenital cataract
- Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations
- Autosomal recessive leukoencephalopathy, ischaemic stroke, retinitis pigmentosa syndrome
- Decreased amino acid
- Early-onset progressive encephalopathy, spastic ataxia, distal spinal muscular atrophy syndrome
- Progressive cavitating leukoencephalopathy
- STXBP1-DEE - STXBP1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
- Delayed tooth eruption
- Autoimmune encephalopathy with parasomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea
- CLCN2-related leucoencephalopathy
- Chronic progressive subcortical encephalopathy
- Leucoencephalopathy with swelling and cysts
- Infantile leucoencephalopathy and megalencephaly
- Leukoencephalopathy, thalamus and brainstem anomalies, high lactate syndrome
- Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy
- Cerebral degeneration due to cerebrovascular disease
- Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
- ARSAL - autosomal recessive spastic ataxia with leukoencephalopathy
- CLCN2 (chloride voltage-gated channel 2) related leucoencephalopathy
- Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and high lactate syndrome
- RVCL-S - retinal vasculopathy, cerebral leucoencephalopathy, systemic manifestations
- 4H leukodystrophy
- Late tooth eruption
- Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids
- Vacuolating leucoencephalopathy
- Megalencephaly
- CLCN2 (chloride voltage-gated channel 2) related leukoencephalopathy
- Leucoencephalopathy due to copper deficiency
- Subcortical dementia
- Leukoencephalopathy with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia syndrome
- Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation syndrome
- Leucoencephalopathy due to hypocupremia
- Adult-onset leucodystrophy with neuroaxonal spheroids
- Leukoencephalopathy, ataxia, hypodontia, hypomyelination syndrome
- Vacuolating leukoencephalopathy
- Leukoencephalopathy, palmoplantar keratoderma syndrome
- Optic nerve finding
- Cerebral degeneration in childhood
- Leucoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts
- Leukoencephalopathy co-occurrent with bilateral anterior temporal lobe cysts
- Progressive cavitating leucoencephalopathy
- RVCL-S - retinal vasculopathy, cerebral leukoencephalopathy, systemic manifestations
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the ICD-10 code for other encephalopathy?
The ICD-10-CM code for other encephalopathy is G93.49. The full clinical description is "Other encephalopathy". G93.49 is a billable/specific code that can be used on insurance claims and medical billing.
What does ICD-10 code G93.49 mean?
ICD-10-CM code G93.49 represents “Other encephalopathy”. It is classified under Chapter 6: Diseases of the Nervous System and is a billable/specific code that can be used on a claim.
Is G93.49 a billable code?
Yes, G93.49 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code and can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a medical claim.
What chapter is G93.49 in?
G93.49 is in Chapter 6: Diseases of the Nervous System (codes G00-G99).
What SNOMED CT codes does G93.49 map to?
G93.49 maps to 55 SNOMED CT concepts: 1208933000, 784343003, 766044005, 702427005, 1299152003, and 50 more. SNOMED CT is a clinical terminology used in electronic health records.
What are the UMLS CUIs for G93.49?
G93.49 is linked to 1 UMLS Concept Unique Identifier: C1260408. The UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) integrates multiple biomedical vocabularies maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
How does G93.49 relate to ICF functioning codes?
ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) codes describe how conditions like other encephalopathy affect a person's functioning — body functions, activities, participation, and environmental factors. AutoICD provides ICF Core Sets for 12+ conditions and can map clinical text to ICF categories automatically. Browse the ICF directory to explore functioning codes.
What is the ICD-11 equivalent of G93.49?
There is no direct ICD-11 mapping available for G93.49 in the WHO crosswalk tables. This may mean the concept is classified differently in ICD-11. Use the ICD-10 to ICD-11 converter to search for related codes.
Automate ICD-10 Coding With AI
Send clinical text to the AutoICD API and get back structured ICD-10 codes with confidence scores. Integrates into any EHR or billing system in minutes.
Includes SNOMED Clinical Terms® (SNOMED CT®) used by permission of SNOMED International. Includes content from the UMLS Metathesaurus, courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.